Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions), and self-correction. AI ranges from 'Narrow AI' designed for specific tasks to 'General AI' (AGI) which would equal human cognitive abilities.
The field was founded at a workshop at Dartmouth College in 1956, attended by John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude Shannon. They coined the term 'Artificial Intelligence'.
AI has experienced several 'boom and bust' cycles (AI winters). The current boom, driven by deep learning and big data, has seen AI integrated into every sector of the economy, including healthcare, finance, transportation, and creative industries.